When and how to use will & shall

نستخدمI'll = I Will عندما نقرر فعل شيء أثناء الكلام:
.Oh, I've left the door open. I'll go and shut it*
.What would you like to drink? I'll have an orange juice, please*
.Did you phone Sara? Oh no, I forget. I'll phone her now*

لا تستطيع استخدام المضارع البسيط Present Simple : I go \ I do في هذه الجمل:
.I'll go and shut the door . NOT I go and shut*

غالباً نستخدم I think I'll… وI don't think I'll… :
. I feel a bit hungry. I think I'll have something to eat*
.I don't think I'll go out tonight. I'm too tired*

في تعبير اللغة الانجليزية النفي منWill هو غالباً Won't = Will not :
.I can see you're busy, so I won't stay long*

لا تستخدم Will لتتحدث عن شي قد رتبت لفعله أنت:
.I'm going on holiday next Wednesday. NOT I'll go*
.Are you working tomorrow? NOT will you work*

غالباً نستخدم Will في هذه الحالات:

لتقديم عرض لفعل شيء ما:
.That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it. NOT I help*

الموافقة على عمل شيء ما:
.A: You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back*
If you've finished with it? l
.B: Of course. I'll give it to you this afternoon. NOT I give*

الوعد بفعل شيء ما:
. Thanks for lending me the money*
I'll pay you back on Friday. NOT I pay
.I won't tell anyone what happened*
.I promise

طلب من شخص عمل شيء ما:
.Will you please be quiet? I'm trying to concentrate*
Will you shut the door, please? l*

يمكنك استخدام Won't لقول أن شخص رفض عمل شيء ما:
.I've tried to advise her but she won't listen. = she refuse to listen*
.The car won't start. I wonder what's wrong with it. = the car "refuse" to start*

Shall I…? Shall we…? l
تستخدم Shall عادةً في أسئلة على النحو التالي Shall I…? Shall we…?
نستخدم هذه الأسئلة لسؤال شخص عن رأيه (خصوصاً في العروض و الاقتراحات):
Shall I open the window? = do you want me to open the window? l*
I've got no money. What shall I do? = what do you suggest? l*
. Shall we go? Just a minute. I'm not ready yet*
* Where shall we go this evening? l

مثال على Shall I… و Will you ؟
Shall I shut the door? = do you want me shut it? l*
.Will you shut the door? = I want you to shut it*

______________________________ _____

لا نستخدم Will لقول ما قد رتب له شخص ما أو قرر فعله في المستقبل:
.Sara is working next week. NOT Sara will work*
. Are you going to watch television this evening? NOT will you watch*

بالنسبة لـ I'm working وAre you going toراجع الدروس السابقة.

غالباً عندما نتكلم عن المستقبل, لا نقصد بذلك ما قرره الشخص لفعله, مثال:

Khaled: Do you think Sara will pass the exam? l
.Ahmed: Yes, she'll pass easily

She'll pass لا يقصد بذلكshe decided to pass, أحمد هنا يقول ما يعتقد أنه سيحدث
فهو "يتنبأ" بالمستقبل.
فعندما نحاول التنبؤ بأحداث المستقبل نستخدمWill\Won't.

. Sara has been away. When she returns, she'll find a lot of changes*
.Where will you be this time next year? I'll be in USA*
.That plate is very hot. If you touch it, you'll burn yourself*
.Ahmed won't pass the examination. He hasn't worked hard for it*

نستخدم Will مع:
.Probably *I'll probably be home late this evening
.I expect *I haven't seen Sara today. I expect she'll phone this evening
. I'm sure *Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass
I think *Do you think Sara will like the present we bought her? l
. I don't think *I don't think the exam will be very difficult
.I wonder *I wonder what will happen

بعد I hope نستخدم المضارع:
.I hope Sara phones this evening*
.I hope it doesn't rain tomorrow*

عادةً نستخدم Will للتحدث عن المستقبل, لكن أحياناً نستخدم Will للتحدث عن الحاضر, مثال:
.Don't phone Sara now. She'll be busy. = I know she'll be busy now*

I shall…? We shall...? l
نستخدم Shall فقط مع I و We
فنقولI shall أوI will, We shall أوWe will:
.I shall be tired this evening. OR I will be*
.We shall probably go to Bahrain for our holiday. OR We will probably go*

عند النفي تقولShall not أوShan't:
.I shan't be here tomorrow. OR I won't be*

لا تستخدم Shall مع he\she\it\you\they:
.She will be very angry. NOT she shall be*

*GOoD LuCk